The Historical Sites of Old Harrisburg and Their Importance

Harrisburg, Pennsylvania’s capital city, is a treasure trove of historical landmarks that narrate tales of its rich past. From its pivotal role during the Civil War to its architectural marvels, the city’s historic sites offer invaluable insights into its evolution and significance. This article delves into some of Harrisburg’s most notable historical sites and underscores their importance in the broader tapestry of American history.

1. Pennsylvania State Capitol: A Masterpiece of Architecture and Governance

The Pennsylvania State Capitol is more than just a government building—it’s a symbol of democracy, artistic excellence, and historical significance. Designed by Joseph M. Huston and completed in 1906, this Beaux-Arts masterpiece is often regarded as one of the most beautiful state capitols in the country.

Architectural Splendor

The Capitol’s design draws inspiration from European Renaissance architecture, with influences from St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Some of its most striking features include:

The Majestic Dome – Rising 272 feet, the dome was modeled after St. Peter’s Basilica and is adorned with 24-karat gold leaf detailing, making it a true architectural marvel.
Artistic Interiors – The Capitol is adorned with murals, stained glass, sculptures, and mosaics by celebrated artists such as Violet Oakley and Edwin Austin Abbey. These artworks depict key moments in Pennsylvania’s history.
Grand Staircase and Rotunda – Inspired by the Paris Opera House, the grand staircase is an iconic feature that reflects the state’s grandeur.

A Hub of Political Activity

The Pennsylvania General Assembly, consisting of the House of Representatives and the Senate, meets here to debate and pass laws. The Capitol has witnessed key political moments, including civil rights advancements, economic reforms, and national policy decisions.

Hidden Gems

The 273 Antique Clocks – Many of these historic timepieces are built into fireplaces, furniture, and walls, adding to the Capitol’s old-world charm.
Whispering Gallery – A unique architectural feature where a whisper on one end of the circular space can be heard clearly on the other end.

Today, the Pennsylvania State Capitol remains an active seat of government and an awe-inspiring landmark, attracting visitors, students, and history enthusiasts who wish to explore its grandeur.

2. National Civil War Museum: Preserving the Legacy of the War

Perched atop a scenic hill in Reservoir Park, the National Civil War Museum provides an unbiased and immersive look into one of the most defining conflicts in American history. Opened in 2001, the museum aims to tell both Union and Confederate perspectives, making it one of the most comprehensive Civil War museums in the country.

A Wealth of Artifacts

The museum houses over 24,000 artifacts, including:

Original uniforms, weapons, and flags used during battles.
Personal letters and diaries from soldiers and their families, offering intimate insights into their experiences.
Medical tools and prosthetics, showcasing the primitive battlefield medicine of the time.

Interactive Exhibits and Displays

Timeline of the Civil War – Walk through a chronological narrative, from the war’s roots in slavery and secession to Reconstruction.
Life of a Soldier – Experience what daily life was like for soldiers through recreated camps, rations, and battlefield conditions.
Lincoln’s Leadership – A special section dedicated to Abraham Lincoln, exploring his role in shaping the war and the Emancipation Proclamation.

Harrisburg’s Role in the Civil War

Harrisburg was a major supply hub for the Union Army, with Camp Curtin serving as the largest training camp for Northern troops. The museum highlights this significance, showing how Harrisburg’s contributions played a pivotal role in the war effort.

A visit to the National Civil War Museum is both educational and moving, offering a deep understanding of the sacrifices made during America’s most devastating war.

3. John Harris-Simon Cameron Mansion: A Window into Harrisburg’s Past

Overlooking the Susquehanna River, the John Harris-Simon Cameron Mansion is a beautifully preserved 18th-century home that played a significant role in Harrisburg’s development. The mansion is tied to two influential figures:

John Harris Jr. – The founder of Harrisburg, he built the mansion in 1766. As a prominent trader and settler, Harris helped establish the city as an important commercial hub.
Simon Cameron – A powerful politician and businessman, Cameron later owned the mansion. He served as Secretary of War under President Abraham Lincoln and played a crucial role in national politics.

Historic Significance

The mansion’s history spans multiple eras:

Colonial Period – Originally a trading post, the mansion became a key location for settlers and merchants along the river.
Civil War Era – Under Cameron’s ownership, the home was a gathering place for political leaders shaping wartime strategies.
20th Century and Beyond – The mansion was preserved and converted into a museum by the Historical Society of Dauphin County.

Preserved Interiors and Artifacts

Stepping inside the mansion is like stepping back in time. The home features:

Antique furnishings and décor from the 18th and 19th centuries.
Portraits and personal belongings of both John Harris Jr. and Simon Cameron.
A grand library filled with historical documents and books from Cameron’s collection.

Today’s Role

Now serving as the headquarters of the Historical Society of Dauphin County, the mansion offers guided tours, historical exhibitions, and educational programs, keeping the rich legacy of Harrisburg alive.

4. Fort Hunter Mansion and Park: A Journey Through Time

Nestled along the scenic Susquehanna River, Fort Hunter Mansion and Park is a living testament to over 200 years of American history. What began as a military outpost during the French and Indian War (1754–1763) evolved into a thriving agricultural estate and later a Victorian-era leisure retreat. Today, the site serves as a historical museum and public park, inviting visitors to step back in time and explore Harrisburg’s colonial and industrial heritage.

A Military Frontier During the French and Indian War

Fort Hunter was originally constructed in 1756 as part of a series of forts protecting Pennsylvania settlers from French and Native American attacks. Although little remains of the original military fortifications, the site holds archaeological significance, with artifacts and historical records preserving the memory of early colonial struggles.

From Plantation to Prominent Estate

Following its military use, Fort Hunter transitioned into an agricultural estate. Throughout the 18th and 19th centuries, it became a hub of farming, trade, and commerce. Key features from this era include:

The Fort Hunter Mansion – Built in 1814, this elegant Federal-style home belonged to Archibald McAllister, a businessman who expanded the property into a prosperous plantation.
Ancient Barns and Outbuildings – The estate featured dairy operations, stables, and smokehouses, demonstrating early agricultural innovation.
The Tavern and Trading Post – A key stop for river traders and frontiersmen, fueling economic growth in the Harrisburg region.

Victorian Leisure and 20th-Century Preservation

By the late 1800s, Fort Hunter transformed into a leisure estate under the wealthy Boas family, who added ornate gardens, decorative furnishings, and entertainment areas. Recognizing its historical significance, the Dauphin County Parks and Recreation Department acquired the property in the 20th century and opened it to the public as a museum and park.

Today’s Experience at Fort Hunter Mansion and Park

Visitors can explore:

Guided tours of the mansion, showcasing period furnishings and historical exhibits.
Walking trails and scenic river views, perfect for nature lovers.
Seasonal events like the Fort Hunter Day Festival and historical reenactments.

This site serves as a window into Harrisburg’s past, offering a blend of military, agricultural, and Victorian history in a breathtaking riverside setting.

5. Harrisburg Cemetery: A Historic Resting Place

Founded in 1845, Harrisburg Cemetery is one of Pennsylvania’s oldest and most historically significant cemeteries. Spanning over 30 acres, it is the final resting place for some of the most influential figures in the region’s history. With its Victorian-era mausoleums, obelisks, and intricate gravestones, the cemetery is not only a place of remembrance but also a reflection of 19th-century funerary art and customs.

A Walk Through History: Notable Burials

Harrisburg Cemetery is home to political leaders, Civil War generals, and industrial pioneers, including:

Simon Cameron – Former U.S. Senator and Secretary of War under Abraham Lincoln.
John Harris Jr. – Founder of Harrisburg and namesake of the city.
General John White Geary – A Union general in the Civil War and later Governor of Pennsylvania.
William Maclay – One of Pennsylvania’s first U.S. Senators, known for his strong opposition to the Constitution’s original draft.

Victorian Funeral Art and Symbolism

The 19th century was an era when cemeteries were designed not just as burial sites but as beautiful public spaces. The Harrisburg Cemetery features:

Elaborate mausoleums built in the Gothic and neoclassical styles.
Towering obelisks, often used to symbolize strength, eternity, and remembrance.
Intricate stone carvings of angels, urns, and other symbols of mourning and afterlife beliefs.

Cemetery’s Role in Local and National History

Beyond individual burials, the cemetery offers insights into Harrisburg’s broader history:

Many graves belong to Civil War soldiers, highlighting Harrisburg’s role as a key Union supply hub.
The cemetery reflects changing cultural attitudes toward death and commemoration over the centuries.

Today, Harrisburg Cemetery continues to be an active burial ground and a historical landmark, attracting genealogists, historians, and those interested in exploring the city’s rich past.

6. Harris Switch Tower: A Relic of Railroad Glory

Harrisburg was once a thriving railroad hub, connecting the East Coast to the Midwest and fueling Pennsylvania’s economic boom. The Harris Switch Tower, built in 1929, was an essential part of this transportation network, overseeing the complex switching of train tracks. Today, the preserved tower serves as a museum, offering a glimpse into the city’s industrial and railroad heritage.

What Was the Purpose of the Switch Tower?

During the peak of railroad activity, the switch tower played a vital role in directing train traffic:

Operators inside the tower controlled track switches and signals, ensuring safe and efficient train movement.
The Harrisburg rail yard managed thousands of passenger and freight trains, supporting coal transport, steel production, and industrial trade.

Inside the Harris Switch Tower Museum

After being retired from service, the tower was restored and converted into a railroad museum, where visitors can:

Step inside the original control room, complete with levers, dials, and vintage communication equipment.
Learn about railroad history, including the Pennsylvania Railroad’s dominance in the 19th and 20th centuries.
See working model train exhibits, demonstrating how switch towers operated.

Harrisburg’s Railroad Legacy

At its peak, Harrisburg’s rail industry was a driving force of economic growth, connecting industries and people across the country. While modern transportation has evolved, the Harris Switch Tower remains a tangible link to that bustling era.

The preservation of this site reflects Harrisburg’s commitment to honoring its industrial roots and educating future generations about the golden age of American railroads.

7. Cathedral of Saint Patrick: A Spiritual and Architectural Gem

Towering over Harrisburg’s downtown skyline, the Cathedral of Saint Patrick is one of Pennsylvania’s most striking religious landmarks. Since its dedication in 1907, this Baroque Revival-style cathedral has been a spiritual cornerstone for the community, serving as the Mother Church of the Diocese of Harrisburg.

A Masterpiece of Ecclesiastical Architecture

The Cathedral of Saint Patrick is a breathtaking example of early 20th-century religious architecture, featuring:

Grand Baroque-style design, reminiscent of the great European cathedrals.
A stunning façade with limestone columns, intricate carvings, and twin bell towers.
Magnificent stained-glass windows depicting biblical scenes, saints, and the history of the Catholic Church.
Ornate altars and statues, many of which were handcrafted in Italy.
A majestic pipe organ, one of the most impressive in the region, used for grand liturgical ceremonies and concerts.

A Center for Faith and Community

Beyond its architectural beauty, the Cathedral of Saint Patrick plays a central role in Harrisburg’s religious and cultural life:

It serves as the seat of the bishop, making it the heart of the Catholic Diocese of Harrisburg.
Over the years, it has hosted important religious events, including ordinations, special masses, and interfaith gatherings.
The cathedral is a hub for charitable initiatives, providing outreach to the homeless, elderly, and those in need.

Whether you’re a visitor admiring its architectural splendor or a parishioner seeking spiritual solace, the Cathedral of Saint Patrick remains a symbol of faith, history, and community in Harrisburg.

8. Broad Street Market: A Historic Culinary Hub

Since its founding in 1860, the Broad Street Market has been an essential part of Harrisburg’s food scene. Originally built to supply fresh goods to Union soldiers during the Civil War, it has evolved into a bustling center for local farmers, artisans, and small businesses.

A Market with Deep Roots

As one of the oldest continuously operating farmers’ markets in the United States, the Broad Street Market showcases:

Two historic market buildings – The Stone Market House (built in 1863) and the Brick Market House (added later).
A commitment to supporting local farmers and vendors, preserving the farm-to-table tradition.
A lively and diverse community space where people gather to shop, eat, and connect.

A Culinary Journey Through Harrisburg’s Diversity

Walking through the Broad Street Market is like taking a global food tour, with vendors offering:

Farm-fresh produce, meats, and dairy from Pennsylvania farms.
Artisanal baked goods, handmade chocolates, and fresh bread.
International cuisines, including Caribbean, African, Middle Eastern, and Eastern European dishes.
Vegan and organic options, catering to modern dietary preferences.

Preserving Tradition While Embracing Change

The Broad Street Market is more than just a place to shop—it’s a cultural and economic anchor for the city:

It fosters entrepreneurship by giving small business owners a platform to grow.
Community events, such as seasonal festivals, cooking demos, and live music, keep the market vibrant.
Restoration efforts have maintained the market’s historic charm while improving modern amenities.

Whether you’re in search of fresh ingredients, unique flavors, or a sense of community tradition, the Broad Street Market remains a treasured part of Harrisburg’s history and future.

9. Harrisburg Historic District: A Walk Through Time

Spanning 20 blocks and containing over 500 historic buildings, the Harrisburg Historic District is a living museum of American architecture and urban development. Placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976, the district tells the story of Harrisburg’s transformation from a modest ferry town to the capital of Pennsylvania.

Architectural Styles Through the Ages

One of the district’s greatest appeals is its diverse architectural styles, reflecting different eras of growth:

Federal-style townhouses (early 1800s) – Simple, elegant homes with brick facades.
Victorian-era mansions (mid-to-late 1800s) – Ornate, decorative homes featuring turrets, bay windows, and intricate woodwork.
Beaux-Arts and Art Deco buildings (early 1900s) – Grand civic structures, reflecting Harrisburg’s economic boom.
Early 20th-century row homes and apartment buildings, housing generations of working-class and middle-class residents.

Landmarks Within the Historic District

Some of the district’s most iconic sites include:

The Pennsylvania State Capitol Complex – One of the most magnificent state capitols in the U.S.
The Governor’s Residence – Home to Pennsylvania’s governor, a prime example of historic preservation.
Front Street’s riverfront mansions, offering stunning views of the Susquehanna River.
Former industrial buildings, repurposed into trendy lofts, restaurants, and galleries.

A Community Preserving Its Past

Today, the Harrisburg Historic District is not just about preserving buildings—it’s about maintaining a vibrant community.

Homeowners, businesses, and preservationists work together to restore and protect historic structures.
Guided walking tours help visitors appreciate the rich history behind each street.
Many historic homes have been converted into bed-and-breakfasts, museums, and cultural centers, keeping the past alive.

Whether you’re a history enthusiast, an architecture lover, or simply someone who enjoys charming cityscapes, the Harrisburg Historic District offers an unforgettable journey through time.

10. Harrisburg Transportation Center: A Gateway Through the Ages

Built in 1887, the Harrisburg Transportation Center (formerly the Pennsylvania Railroad Station) is a historic train station that has served as a crucial transportation hub for over a century. Its grand architecture and strategic location made Harrisburg a key stop in the nation’s rail network, facilitating the movement of passengers, goods, and military troops.

A Marvel of Railroad Architecture

The station’s design reflects the grandeur of the golden age of railroads, featuring:

A soaring central hall with arched windows, allowing natural light to flood the interior.
Victorian-era brickwork and stone detailing, capturing the elegance of 19th-century rail travel.
Restored wooden benches and vintage signs, evoking the romanticism of train journeys past.

Harrisburg’s Role in Railroad History

For decades, the station was a bustling crossroads:

It connected Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, New York, and Washington, D.C., making Harrisburg a key stop for business and politics.
During World War II, thousands of troops passed through the station daily, heading to battlefields overseas.
The station played a vital role in coal, steel, and agriculture trade, supporting Pennsylvania’s economy.

A Modern-Day Transit Hub

While modern air travel and highways have reduced rail traffic, the Harrisburg Transportation Center remains an active and essential travel hub:

It serves Amtrak’s Keystone and Pennsylvanian lines, connecting Harrisburg to major East Coast cities.
It houses local and regional bus services, making it a critical part of Pennsylvania’s public transportation network.
Preservation efforts have maintained its historical charm while upgrading facilities for today’s travelers.

As one of the oldest operating train stations in the U.S., the Harrisburg Transportation Center is both a functional transit hub and a historical landmark, symbolizing the city’s enduring importance in American transportation history.

Preserving Harrisburg’s History for Future Generations

From churches and markets to railroads and historic homes, Harrisburg’s landmarks tell the story of a city shaped by industry, faith, and cultural diversity. By preserving and celebrating these sites, we ensure that future generations can experience and appreciate Harrisburg’s remarkable past—one that continues to shape its future.